Baltic+Knowledge+Page

//This page has been migrated to the new home of the SIG Knowledge Pages - http://slavicinterestgroup.info/index.php?title=Category:Baltic//

toc Information and articles about the Baltic cultures, in the modern countries of Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania.
 * The Baltic Knowledge Page **

General Baltic History Resources

 * [|The Ecology of Crusading: The Environmental Impact of Conquest, Colonisation and Religious Conversion in the Medieval Baltic].
 * [|Amber and its Practical Application.] Virtual exhibition of the Palanga Amber Museum.
 * Susie Ward Aber. 1996-2008. //[|The World of Amber]//. Includes the //[|Baltic Amber Bibliography and Other Fossil Resins]//.
 * [|The Cartographic Collection of the National Library of Latvia].

Members of SIG interested in this culture:

 * ffride wlffsdotter (Lochac) ||  ||

General

 * [|Arheoloogia terminibaas] [Archaeology terms (data) base], lets you browse for terms in Estonian, and the equivalent term in English, German, Swedish, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Finnish, or Latvian
 * //[|E-Kultuuripärand] //(E-heritage database, incorporates information from the Estonian Museum's Portal, below.)
 * //[|Estonian Museum's Public Portal]//
 * //[|Eesti Teadusportaal]// [Estonian Research Portal]
 * //[|Eesti Arheoloogia Ajakiri]// [Estonian Journal of Archaeology]
 * [|DIGAR], the National Library of Estonia's Digital Archives.
 * Aivar Kriiska,Tõnno Jonuks, and Peeter Kraas. 1999. //[|Eesti muinasesemed]//. [Estonia's antiquities], no English summary, but has a large number of photographs of extant finds.
 * Reet Truuväärt and Kaie Kesküla. 2013. //[|Muistne Käsitöö: õpik-käsiraamat kutsekoolidele]// [Ancient Crafts: A Textbook and Guide for Vocational Schools] [Link to PDF download]
 * Valter Lang. 2007. "[|The Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Estonia]" (Tartu: University of Tartu Press)
 * Andres Tvauri 2012. "[|The Migration Period, Pre-Viking Age, and Viking Age in Estonia]" (Tartu: University of Tartu Press)
 * Liina Maldre 2007. "[|Faunal Remains from the Settlement Site of Pada]" //Estonian Journal of Archaeology// **11**(1) 59-79 [PDF]
 * Kristel Kivi 2009. “[|Uderna Küla Kesk- ja Varauusajal]” [The Village of Uderna in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period] (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]
 * Maarja Olli 2010. “[|Ornament Rooma Rauaaegsetel Ehetel Kirde- ja Kagu-Eestis]” [Ornamentation during Roman Iron Age in north-eastern and south-eastern Estonia] (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]
 * Martin Malve and Ain Mäesalu. 2011. "[|Archaeological excavations on the vaults of Mihkli church, Pärnu county]" //Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia// 1-8.
 * Silvia Laul, and Ülle Tamla. 2014. //[|Peitleid Lõhavere linnamäelt : käsitöö- ja ehtevakk 13. sajandi algusest]// [The craft- and jewelry-box from the hill-fort of Lõhavere, from the early 13th century] (Tallinn : Tallinna Raamatutrükikoda) [PDF]
 * Jaana Ratas, and Riina Rammo. 2015. "[|Ühte kadunud tehnikat taastades: spiraaltorudest kaunistused rõivastel]" [Restoring a Lost Technique: Spiral Tube Decorations on Garments] Silmnähtav 6:65-87.
 * Keiti Randoja. 2012.//[| "Laste võimalikud sotsiaalsed vanusegrupid Kukruse ja Pada hilisrauaaegsete kalmistute näitel"]// [Children’s possible social age groups by the example of Late Iron Age cemeteries of Kukruse and Pada]. Bachelor's thesis, (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]
 * The Estonian History Museum [|Archaeological Collections] (scroll down to see the photos).
 * //Estonian Silver Hoards// series of posts on livejournal by prommitey. [|Part 1]. [|Part 2]. [|Part 3]. [|Part 4]. [|Part 5].
 * [|Photograph of the Kumna Hoard], by Terker. Dated //terminus post quem// 965 CE in Leimus, I. 2009. "[|Millennium Breakthrough: North Goes West]" //Tuna// [Past]; 7-34. [PDF]
 * Andres Tvauri, Riina Rammo and Andres Vindi. 2011. "[|Livonian War-time Hoard from Sargvere Settlement Site, Järva County]" //Archaeological Fieldwork in Estonia//; 245-252. [PDF]
 * Tõnno Jonuks, and Lauri Joosu. 2013. "[|Pendants of St. Anthony's Cross with the Crucifixion from Estonia -- Possible Badges of a Folk Pilgrimage]" //Journal of Estonian Archaeology// 17(2); 123-138. [PDF]
 * Discusses some late 16th/early 17th century pendants.

Arms and Armour

 * Jüri Peets. 2007. "[|Early Iron Age iron production in Siksälä and southern Estonia]." // In: // Laul, S. Valk, H. // Siksälä: A Community at the Frontiers. Iron Age and Medieval. // (pp. 161 - 166). (Tallinn-Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus)
 * Peets, Jüri (2007). "[|Weapons and edged tools in Siksälä Cemetery. Typology and Technology]." //In:// //Siksälä: A Community at the Frontiers. Iron Age and Medieval// (pp. 167 - 200). (Tallinn-Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus)
 * Robert Rootslane. 2013. //[|Kukruse ja Pada maahaudadega laibakalmistute relvadega matuste kontekstuaalne analüüs]// [Contextual analysis of inhumation burials with weapons from Kukruse and Pada Late Iron Age cemeteries] Bachelor's thesis, (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]
 * Rasmus Pruus 2010. “[|Keskaegsed jäätmekastid Tartus Munga tn 12 hoovis]”[Medieval lavatory cesspits in the courtyard of 12 Munga Street, Tartu] (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]
 * Looks at a 14-17th c. cesspit containing leather armour!
 * Mäesalu, A., Peets, J. & Haiba, E. 2008. “[|Nahast küünarvarrekaitsmed keskaegsest Tartust.]” [Leather Arm Guards from Medieval Tartu] //Loodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia//, **2**.; 27-36.

Leatherwork >
 * See the "arms and armour" section for articles about leather armour.
 * Margo Samorokov. 2012. //[|Naha töötlemine keskaegses Uus-Pärnus läbi kirjaliku ja arheoloogilise materjali]// [Medieval leather production through written and archeological material.] (Master's thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]

Textiles and Clothing - General
> Book focusing on the development of Estonian folk dress, has some very interesting pictures of pre-17th century artwork, and items.
 * S.K. Laul. 1986. "[|Одежда эстонцев I-XVII вв.]" [Clothes of Estonians 1-17th centuries]. Древняя одежда народов Восточной Европы.
 * Riina Rammo. 2014. "[|Tradition and transition: the technology and usage of plant-fibre textiles in Estonian rural areas in the 11th–17th centuries]" Focus on Archaeological Textiles. Multidisciplinary Approaches. 3;102 - 115.Also online at: @http://www.sarks.fi/masf/masf_3/masf_3.html
 * Riina Rammo. 2015. //[|Tekstiilileiud Tartu keskaegsetest jäätmekastidest: tehnoloogia, kaubandus ja tarbimine]// [Textile finds from medieval cesspits in Tartu: technology, trade and consumption]
 * Riina Raamo and Jaana Ratas. 2015. "[|Ühte kadunud tehnikat taastades: spiraaltorudest kaunistused rõivastel]" [Restoring a Lost Technique: Spiral Tube Decorations on Garments] //Studia Vernacula//. **6**; 65-87.
 * Mägi, M., and Ratas, J. 2003. "[|Eesti rõivastus]" [Estonian Costumes] //Eesti aastal 1200// (Tallinn: Argo); 199 - 225.
 * Riina Rammo, 2005. "[|Pronksspiraalkaunistused rõivastel Eesti haualeidude põhjal 11.-14/15. sajandil]." [ The bronze spiral decorations of clothing in Estonian grave finds, 11-14/15th centuries.] (Tartu: Arheoloogia Tartu Ülikoolis) [PDF]
 * Susanna Kiitsak. 2013. //[|Kõlapaelad Eesti arheoloogilises materjalis]// [Tablet Woven Bands in Estonian Archaeological Material] Undergraduate thesis, University of Tartu. [PDF]
 * Mauri Kiudsoo, Jaana Ratas. 2004. "[|Viljandimaa varauusaegsed peaehted]" [Head Decorations of Early Modern Period Viljandi] //Viljandi Muuseumi aastaraamat//; 112-122. [PDF and [|link to PDF with colour plates]]
 * Ilmari Manninen. 1927. //[|Eesti rahvariiete ajalugu]// [History of Estonian folk dress] (Eesti Rahva Muuseum)
 * Jüri Saar n.d. [|Arheoloogid panevad vanad kangad rääkima] [Archaeologists Tell the Story of Old Fabrics] //Tartu Postimees//. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; display: block; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"> A very brief article, but has a fantastic photo gallery of textiles discovered in Tartu Cathedral. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; display: block; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">[|Corbel] on the north wall in Karja church, Saaremaa. Believed to depict an Estonian man and woman. 13-14th c. [|And another photo].
 * Corbel from the north wall Pöide church, Saaremaa. Mid-13th century or later showing another couple.[| Photo 1], [|Photo 2], and[| Photo 3].

Textiles and Clothing - Kukruse Cemetery > Discusses Kukruse grave number 7, including her jewellery and the remains of a decorated egg.
 * // [|Saame tuttavaks ehk kes on Kukruse memm] // [Get acquainted with Mama Kukruse] discusses a 12-13th century grave of a 40-50 year old woman who was buried with elaborate jewellery. From Grave number 6.
 * //[|Kukruse Memm]// [Kukrise Mama], zoomable photograph of the Kukruse Mama grave //in situ//. Grave number 6.
 * //[|Kaadritagune: Kukruse naise rõivakomplekti ülesvõtmine]// [Behind the scenes: Kukruse woman's ensemble, taken from above]. Brief discussion of a reconstruction of her outfit. Grave number 6.
 * //[|Muinasajal kandsid ehteid ka mehed]//, article originally from the Tartu Post Times, with a reconstruction drawing of a woman's outfit from Kukruse.
 * Tõnno Jonuks, Tuuli Kurisoo. 2013. "[|To Be or Not to Be... a Christian: Some New Perspectives on Understanding the Christianisation of Estonia]" //Folklore// (55)3; 69-98[PDF]

Textiles and Clothing - Nålebinding
 * Jüri Peets, 1987. "[|Totenhandschuhe im Bestattungsbrauchtum der Esten und anderen Ostseefinnen]" [Mittens of the dead in the funeral customs of the Estonians, and other Baltic Finns] // Fennoscandia Archeologica // ** 4 ** ; 105-116. [PDF]
 * Leena Tomanterä. 1987. "[|Appendix: Nadelhandschuhe aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit in Finnland]" [Appendix: Needle-mittens from the younger Iron Age in Finland] //Fennoscandia Archeologica// **4**; 117-120. [PDF]

Textiles and Clothing - Pariselja Find (ca. 1470–1650) > PhD thesis, has Carbon-14 dating of the garment, footnotes 7 and 26. Also, an analysis of the wool used.
 * Riina Rammo. 2015. //[|Tekstiilileiud Tartu keskaegsetest jäätmekastidest: tehnoloogia, kaubandus ja tarbimine]// [Textile finds from medieval cesspits in Tartu: technology, trade and consumption]
 * [|Line drawing of the sleeveless garment], taken from Nahlik, Adam. 1965. "Tkaniny Wsi Wschodnioeuropejskiej X-XIII W." //Acta Archaologica Lodziensia//, vol. **13**.
 * Reconstruction of garment(s) in the background of the photograph accompanying [|this news article].
 * Malle Valli 2006. "//[|Rekonstruktsioon Parisselja rabast leitud tekstiilesemetest]//" [Reconstruction of Textiles found in Parisselja bog]
 * [|Scanned negative] from the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM Fk 616: 7

Textiles and Clothing - Rabivere Bog (17-18th c.) > Looks to be a summary of a longer article from [|Fasciculi Archaeologiae Historicae]
 * Riina Rammo. 2010. "[|Time capsule from the late 17th or early 18th centuries: clothing of a woman from Rabivere bog (Estonia)]" [PDF]
 * [|Skirt fragment from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:1. [|More photographs] and details.
 * [|Jacket from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:2.
 * [|Jacket fragments from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:3.
 * [|Knitted fragments from Rabivere], Rammo suggests is a sock, at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:4 1/2. [|More photographs] and details.
 * [|Knitted mittens from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:5/1-3.
 * [|Textile fragments from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:6
 * [|Brooch from Rabivere], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 455:7.
 * [|The Swedish coin from Rabivere, dated 1667], at the National Museum of Estonia, acc. no. ERM A 445:8

Textiles and Clothing - Siksälä Cemetery > //In:// Jaanits, L., Lang, L., and Peets, J. (Eds.). L//oodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia 2// (37 - 61). (Tartu, Tallinn: Tallinna Raamatutrükikoda)
 * Kristel Luiges 2008. "[|Siksälä kalmistu 14. sajandi naisehauast võetud monoiiidi laboratoorsete uuringute tulemustest."/ "Results of the Laboratorial Investigations of the Assemblage of Finds Recovered Together with Soil (the monolith) from the 14th century Female Burial from the Siksälä Cemetery]"
 * Signe Rätsepso. 2014. [|//Rekonstruktsioon Siksälä naiste peapärjast//][A reconstruction of a woman’s headband from Siksälä].
 * Heiki Valk, and Silvia Laul. 2014. //[|Siksälä kalme I: Muistis ja ajalugu]// [Siksälä tumulus I: Artefacts and History] (Tartu: Tartu Ülikool) [PDF]
 * Heiki Valk, Jaana Ratas and Silvia Laul. 2014. //[|Siksälä kalme II: Matuste ja leidude kataloog]// [Siksälä tumulus II: Burials and Findings Catalogue] (Tartu: Tartu Ülikool) [PDF]

Place Names and Personal Names

 * //[|Names of Estonians from the Schultbok of Helmich Ficke: 1515-1556]// by ffride wlffsdotter
 * //[|16th century masculine names and locative bynames from Hiiu County, Estonia]// by ffride wlffsdotter
 * //[|16th century placenames, and some personal names, from mainland Estonia]// by ffride wlffsdotter
 * [|Fishy Business: A brief look at some masculine, aquatic-themed names from 14th to 17th century Estonia] by Muste Pehe Peep
 * [|//Three Possible Widows from Kullamaa, and the designator// nayne] by ffride wlffsdotter
 * [|Creepy Crawlies and Squirming Serpents: 14-17th century Estonian bynames relating to insects and snakes], by Muste Pehe Peep
 * [|The Dictionary of Medieval Names from European Sources] includes names recorded in Estonia, but (as yet) you cannot search for names by place.

Medicine and Health

 * Rivo Bernotas 2008. "[|Dendrodates of Three Medieval Latrines of Tartu]" //Estonian Journal of Archaeology// **12**(1);16-29. [PDF]
 * Rasmus Pruus 2010. “[|Keskaegsed jäätmekastid Tartus Munga tn 12 hoovis]”[Medieval lavatory cesspits in the courtyard of 12 Munga Street, Tartu] (Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu) [PDF]

Siksälä Cemetery Finds

 * Mauri Kiudsoo. 2007. "[|Coins from Siksälä and the hoards of the neighbourhood.]" //In:// Heiki Valk; Silvia Laul (Eds.). //Siksälä. A community at the frontiers. Iron age and medieval// (pp. 201 - 212). (Tallinn-Tartu: Tartu University Press)
 * Leiu Heapost, 2007. "[|The cemetery of Siksälä: osteological and paleodemographical analysis]." //In:// Laul, S. Valk, H. //Siksälä: A Community at the Frontiers. Iron Age and Medieval.// (pp. 213 - 236). (Tallinn-Tartu: University of Tartu)
 * Heiki Valk, and Silvia Laul. 2014. //[|Siksälä kalme I: Muistis ja ajalugu]// [Siksälä tumulus I: Artefacts and History] (Tartu: Tartu Ülikool) [PDF]
 * Heiki Valk, Jaana Ratas and Silvia Laul. 2014. //[|Siksälä kalme II: Matuste ja leidude kataloog]// [Siksälä tumulus II: Burials and Findings Catalogue] (Tartu: Tartu Ülikool) [PDF]

General

 * The joint search portal of Finnish museums, //[|Finnish Museums Online]//.
 * Anna Wickholm and Sami Raninen 2006. "[|The Broken People: Deconstruction of Personhood in Iron Age Finland]" //Estonian Journal of Archaeology// **10**(2); 150-166 [PDF]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Textiles and Clothing

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Piia Lempiäinen 2014. [|"Ena silkes tröya" – clothing bequests in Finnish medieval wills] Focus on Archaeological Textiles. Multidisciplinary Approaches. 3;26-39. [PDF]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Krista Vajanto. 2014. "[|Finnish shipwreck textiles from the 13th–18th centuries AD]" Focus on Archaeological Textiles. Multidisciplinary Approaches. 3; 116–131. [PDF]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Krista Vajanto. 2012. "[|Nålbinding in Prehistoric Burials – Reinterpreting Finnish 11th–14th-century AD Textile Fragments]"In: Janne Ikäheimo, Anna-Kaisa Salmi & Tiina Äikäs (eds.). Sounds Like Theory. XII Nordic Theoretical Archaeology Group Meeting in Oulu 25.–28.4.2012. Monographs of the Archaeological Society of Finland 2; 21-33 [PDF]
 * Jüri Peets, 1987. "[|Totenhandschuhe im Bestattungsbrauchtum der Esten und anderen Ostseefinnen]" [Mittens of the dead in the funeral customs of the Estonians, and other Baltic Finns] //Fennoscandia Archeologica// **4**; 105-116. [PDF]
 * Leena Tomanterä. 1987. "[|Appendix: Nadelhandschuhe aus der jüngeren Eisenzeit in Finnland]" [Appendix: Needle-mittens from the younger Iron Age in Finland] //Fennoscandia Archeologica// **4**; 117-120. [PDF]

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Medicine and Health

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anna-Kaisa Salmi & Rosa Vilkama. 2012. "[|Pain in the Past: Dental Pathology and Pain in the Parish of Ii (Northern Finland) in the 15th and 16th centuries.]"In: Janne Ikäheimo, Anna-Kaisa Salmi & Tiina Äikäs (eds.). Sounds Like Theory. XII Nordic Theoretical Archaeology Group Meeting in Oulu 25.–28.4.2012. //Monographs of the Archaeological Society of Finland// **2**; 59–71. [PDF]
 * Petri Juuti and Tapio Katko (eds.), 2005. //[|From a Few to All - Long Term Development of Water and Sanitation Services in Finland]// (Tampere: Tampere University Press, Finland, 2005).
 * Petri Juuti and Katri Wallenius. 2005. //[|Kaivot ja käymälät: Brief History of Wells and Toilet]//s (Tampere: Tampere University Press, Finland).
 * [|Toilets, earth closets, and house plumbing], part of the Sewer History website, includes photographs of medieval castle privvies from Finland.

//General//
> //Latvijas Vēstures Institūta Žurnāls//. **94**; 28-47. [PDF]
 * [|LNB Digitālā Bibliotēka / National Library of Latvia's Digital Library], scans of books, maps, pictures and journals relating to Latvia.
 * [|Riga Digitalis], scans of books and journals relating to the city of Riga. Site often seems to be very slow to load though, so be patient.
 * Volumes 1 to 21 of the book series [|Arheoloģija un etnogrāfija (Archaeology and Ethnography]). The journals have OCRed text, so if you know what you want to search for in Latvian (or the English and German language summaries) you can use the search box to find it.
 * "[|From Duke Gotthard to Duke James: The 450th anniversary of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]" virtual exhibition by the Latvian State Historical Archives.
 * Andrejs Vasks. 2015. "[|Dzintars bronzas un senākajā dzelzs laikmetā Latvijas teritorijā]" [Amber in the Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Age in the Territory of Latvia]

//Latvian Language//

 * [|Latviešu valodas vēsturiskā vārdnīca (16.–17. gadsimts)] [Historical Dictionary of Latvian (16th-17th Centuries)]
 * [|Senie: Latviešu valodas seno tekstu korpuss] [The Corpus of Early Written Latvian Texts]

//Riga//

 * [|Virtual Tour of Old Riga].
 * [|Nicolaus Mollin's panorama of Riga, 1612]. At the Virtual Latvia Project.
 * [|Museum of the History of Riga and Navigation], English-language version of their website.

//Place Names and Personal Names//

 * //[|Medieval Latvian Given Names]// by Aryanhwy merch Catmael
 * //[|Feminine Names from Riga, Latvia, 1286-1352]// by Aryanhwy merch Catmael

//Jewellery// > Summary only.
 * Baiba Vaska. 2012. //[|Ornamentētās metāla rotaslietas Latvijas teritorijā no romiešu dzelzs laikmeta līdz renesansei: promocijas darba kopsavilkums].// [Ornamented metal jewellery in the territory of Latvia, from the Roman Iron Age to the Renaissance] (Rīga: Latvijas Mākslas akadēmija) [PDF]
 * Baiba Vaska. 2013. " [|Ornamentation on Roman Iron Age jewellery in Latvia made in openwork technique]." //Archaelogia Lituana// **14**; 88-110. [PDF]
 * The Academia.edu profile of [|Roberts Spirģis] includes numerous articles, and part of his book, about Livonian jewellery.

//Textiles and Clothing - General//
 * Anna Zariņa, [|Lībiešu apģērbs 10.-13. gs.] [Livonian clothing, 10-13th centuries] (1988)
 * Anna Zariņa, [|Seno latgaļu apģērbs 7.-13. gs.] [Ancient Latvian clothing, 7-13th centuries] (1970)
 * Anna Zariņa, [|Apģērbs Latvijā 7.-17.gs.] [Clothing in Latvia, 7-17th centuries] (1999)
 * Irita Žeiere, [|Arheoloģiskās liecības par apģērbu Latvijā 13.-18. gadsimtā] [Archaeological evidence of clothing in Latvia, 13-18th centuries] (2008)

General
> (Kaišiadorys: Kaišiadorių muziejus.)
 * [|Archeologijos skyriaus rinkiniai] [[|Archaeology Department Collections]], Lithuanian National Museum.
 * [|Ilona Vaškevičiūtė, 2004. Žiemgaliai V-XII amžiuje, [Semigallians, 5-12th centuries (Vilnius)]] [PDF]
 * [|Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania: Features of Historical Interiors and Their Environment]
 * [|Historic and Artistic Legacy of the Samogitian Diocese],
 * [|From Aircraft to Pistol.] Virtual exhibition of the Vytautas the Great War Museum.
 * [|Fragments of Kernavė Archaeological Site Museum's Exposition]
 * [|The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Old Cartographic Images]
 * [|Items in the National Museum of Lithuanian Grand Dukes]
 * Kurilienė, A. 2009. //[|Kaišiadorių rajono archeologijos sąvadas]//.[Kaišiadorys Archaeological Compendium]
 * [|Orbis Lituaniae: History of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]
 * [|Photographs from the Joniškiai History and Culture Museum], via simkala.lt
 * [|Photographs from Pakruojis Regional Museum]'s exhibition on the Semigallians, via simkala.lt
 * [|Photographs from Pasvalys Museum], via simkala.lt
 * [|Historical Documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania], at the Lithuanian National Library.
 * The Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences [|Parchment's Digital Images Archive]
 * //[|Senieji rastai, the database of Old Lithuanian Writings]//, has documents from 1573 onwards including the first Lithuanian dictionary, //Dictionarium trium linguarum//.

Textiles and Clothing

 * D. Steponavičienė. 2003. "[|Metalinės aprangos detalės ir papuošalai Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies tyrinėjimų duomenimis]“ [Metal details and ornaments of clothing by data of investigations of the Vilnius Lower Castle], //Lietuvos archeologija//, **24**;107-126 . [PDF]
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,&#39;lucida grande&#39;,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">[|Leather-covered cork platform shoe from the 16th century, Vilnius]. From the National Museum of Lithuanian Grand Dukes.
 * [|Gerai išlikusios, puošnios XVI a. odinės rankinės iš Karmėlavos kapinyno] [<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,&#39;lucida grande&#39;,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Well-preserved ornate leather purses from Karmelava Cemetery]. From the Vytautas the Great War Museum.
 * Kristina Rickevičiūtė. 2003. "[|Karmėlavos senkapis (1998-2000 m. tyrinėjimai)]" [<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,&#39;lucida grande&#39;,tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Karmelava Cemetery (Investigations from 1998 to 2000)] //Lietuvos Archeologija// **24**; 161-228. [PDF]

Place Names and Personal Names (see also Polish names)
> (Note that this list appears to be a mixture of transliterated Cyrillic, modern Lithuanian, German, and Polish.)
 * [|Lithuanian Grand Dukes from the Galicia-Volhynia Treaty], by ffride wlffsdotter
 * [|Feminine Names from the Gediminid Line of Lithuania], by Walraven van Nijmegen
 * [|16th and Early 17th C. Feminine Names from Lithuanian Records], by ffride wlffsdotter
 * [|Early 17th century bynames of bridegrooms, from a wedding register from Lankeliškiai parish, Lithuania], by ffride wlffsdotter.